{"id":9750,"date":"2021-06-17T09:52:59","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T01:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/?p=9750"},"modified":"2024-11-29T14:28:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T06:28:17","slug":"legal-jargons-words-phrases-definition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/legal-jargons-words-phrases-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal Jargons Words and Phrases a Brief Definition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Legal Jargons Words And Phrases A Brief Definition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GLOSSARY<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adjudge<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u88c1\u51b3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: To judicially award (someone) something, usually legal remedies; To decide or rule by a judge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u51b3\uff08\u67d0\u4eba\uff09\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff1b \u7531\u6cd5\u5b98\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u88c1\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The High Court adjudged the remedy of rescission to the appellant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u51b3\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6551\u52a9\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: B was adjudged to be guilty of the crime.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aB\u88ab\u88c1\u51b3\u6709\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Affidavit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ba3\u8a93\u4e66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A written statement that is signed by a person before a commissioner for oaths to declare that the information stated therein is true, the same will be used as evidence in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5ba3\u8a93\u5b98\u524d\u58f0\u660e\u6240\u8bc9\u7686\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u88ab\u7528\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: WRITTEN STATEMENT, SWORN AND AFFIRMED USUALLY BEFORE THE COMMISSIONER OF OATHS IN THE NAME OF THE DEPONENT.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u4e66\u9762\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5ba3\u8a93\u5b98\u9762\u524d\u4ee5\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5ba3\u8a93\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: C was directed by her lawyers to affirm an affidavit to ensure that every element she claimed was genuine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aC\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u6307\u793a\u4ee5\u6838\u5b9e\u5ba3\u8a93\u4e66\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5979\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7686\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternate Dispute Resolution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee3\u66ff\u6027\u7ea0\u7eb7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]Alternative ways to determine a case without going to court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5ead\u6765\u88c1\u51b3\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u66ff\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Others] mediation, arbitration, and conciliation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[\u5176\u4ed6]\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4ef2\u88c1\u548c\u8c03\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Example] It is preferable to settle issues with Alternative Dispute Resolution to avoid costly litigation. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u793a\u4f8b] \u6700\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arbitration <\/strong>    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ef2\u88c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A proceeding where parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party and agree to abide by his\/her decision. Similar to court case since each party can present evidence, but not as formal, and heard by an arbitrator and not a judge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5c06\u4e89\u8bae\u5e26\u5230\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e76\u540c\u610f\u9075\u5b88\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5ead\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Both parties attended the arbitration to settle their matters in an  informal way compared to litigation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u4ef2\u88c1\uff0c\u548c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4ee5\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Annulment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e9f\u6b62<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It refers to a legal procedure to declare a result\/agreement to be declared invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\/\u534f\u8bae\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e0\u6548\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The Marriage\/Bankruptcy Order had been annulled.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8be5\u5a5a\u7ea6\/\u7834\u4ea7\u4ee4\u5df2\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u65e0\u6548\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Appeal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u8bc9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] To challenge a previous legal deliberation in a higher court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u5728\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u6311\u6218\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ba1\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: When a Defendant is ordered to compensate a Plaintiff for damages resulted from breach of contract in the Session Court, the Defendant can file the appeal to challenge the decision in the High Court.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f53\u88ab\u544a\u88ab\u4e0b\u4ee4\u8d54\u507f\u539f\u544a\u4eba\u56e0\u8fdd\u7ea6\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alibi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It is a defence to a criminal charge which the accused alleging that he was somewhere else during the happening of the alleged crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u5211\u4e8b\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u58f0\u79f0\u5728\u6240\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u6848\u53d1\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Alex raises an alibi that it was impossible for him to commit the alleged crime at Kuala Lumpur when he was proved to at Johor Bahru during the happening of the crime.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aAlex\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u8bc1\u660e\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5409\u9686\u5761\u72af\u4e0b\u6240\u6307\u63a7\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u67d4\u4f5b\u65b0\u5c71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Attestation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It refers to an act of affirmation that the document is true. The witness can attest the document by signing it to confirm that the document is true and genuine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6838\u5b9e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8bc1\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b7e\u7f72\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The witness attested the document by signing on it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8bc1\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u7b7e\u7f72\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u6838\u5b9e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond reasonable doubt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6392\u9664\u5408\u7406\u6000\u7591<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A standard of proof that carries a high degree of probability but need not be certain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6982\u7387\u4f46\u4e0d\u5fc5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: D was sentenced to a three-year imprisonment by the judges when the Honourable Court decided that the prosecutor had proven their case beyond reasonable doubt.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f53\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u5df2\u6392\u9664\u5408\u7406\u6000\u7591\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u5904 D \u4e09\u5e74\u76d1\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bona fide<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5584\u610f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A Latin term for genuine; made with sincere and honest intentions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u2018\u771f\u8bda\u2019\uff1b \u7528\u771f\u8bda\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other: IN GOOD FAITH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u771f\u8bda<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The court assumes that the litigants have acted bona fide.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u5047\u5b9a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5584\u610f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bailiff<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cd5\u8b66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A court officer who carries out the court’s orders, such as taking a debtor’s goods and selling them to get money to pay the debtor’s debts. A bailiff can also personally deliver (serve) documents to people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u5ead\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6263\u62bc\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u91d1\u94b1\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u6cd5\u8b66\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eb2\u81ea\u5bc4\u9001\uff08\u9001\u8fbe\uff09\u6587\u4ef6\u4e88\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The bailiff is executing the Writ of Seizure and Sale against the debtor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u8b66\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u6267\u884c\u6263\u62bc\u548c\u51fa\u552e\u4ee4\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bail<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fdd\u91ca\u91d1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It refers to the money or property given to the court as a security for the temporary release of an accused from police custody. This is to ensure the accused\u2019s attendance for court hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6307\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6682\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u88ab\u544a\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u8046\u8baf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: After paying for the bail, Alex is temporarily released from police custody, with a condition that he will attend court hearing on the specified date.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f53\u652f\u4ed8\u4fdd\u91ca\u91d1\u540e\uff0cAlex \u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u4ece\u8b66\u65b9\u62d8\u7559\u6240\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ed6\u5c06\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certified true copy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7ecf\u6838\u8bc1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u526f\u672c\/\u7ecf\u6838\u8bc1\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u526f\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A document which affixed with an official seal by the court or a lawyer or by some other officers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With a seal together with a clear date and signature showing that the document is a true copy of the original, usually upon payment of a fee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u7531\u6cd5\u5ead\u6216\u5f8b\u5e08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b98\u5458\u52a0\u76d6\u516c\u7ae0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e26\u6709\u5370\u7ae0\u4ee5\u53ca\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u539f\u4ef6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Applicants are required to submit a certified true copy of the document so that they can retain the original unless stated otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b:\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ecf\u6838\u8bc1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u526f\u672c\/ \u7ecf\u6838\u8bc1\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contemnor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u85d0\u89c6\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A person who acts in contempt of the court, usually by refusing or failing to comply with its orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u85d0\u89c6\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u9075\u4ece\u6cd5\u5ead\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The contemnor is sentenced to jail for six months for deliberately refusing to comply with the Court Order.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u85d0\u89c6\u8005\u56e0\u6545\u610f\u62d2\u7edd\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5ead\u547d\u4ee4\u800c\u88ab\u5224\u5165\u72f1\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Costs follow the event<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d39\u7528\u4ee5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u51c6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] The unsuccessful party of the trial to pay the successful party the incurred costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u8d25\u8bc9\u65b9\u627f\u62c5\u80dc\u8bc9\u65b9\u5f8b\u5e08\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Costs of the Day<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u8d39\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] This cost is paid by the party who has obtained an adjournment of hearing on that day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u53d6\u5f97\u4f11\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u5e94\u652f\u4ed8\u8be5\u65e5\u4e00\u5929\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: If Defendant successfully obtained adjournment of hearing on the scheduled date, he has to pay the cost incurred by the Plaintiff on that day.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u544a\u6210\u529f\u5728\u7ea6\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u83b7\u53d6\u4f11\u5ead\uff0c\u4ed6\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u4ed8\u539f\u544a\u5f53\u5929\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cross examination<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76d8\u95ee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It is an interrogation of a witness at trial where the counsel asks questions relevant to the disputed facts and the witness must give an answer to the question, whether or not it would expose him to legal liabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8bc1\u4eba\u7684\u8baf\u95ee\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u8be2\u95ee\u4e0e\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc1\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u627f\u62c5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caveat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b66\u544a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] May he beware; refers to a qualification, or warning<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u613f\u4f60\u5f53\u5fc3\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8b66\u544a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: An example of caveat is a police officer telling someone to stop or they’ll shoot.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5b98\u544a\u8bc9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u505c\u6b62\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u8981\u5f00\u67aa\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Damages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] Monetary compensation awarded to a party as a means of recompensing a loss or injury suffered<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u8d54\u507f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u507f\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Y was awarded RM500million as damages after winning a high-profile court case involving a breach of contract.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aY\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5907\u53d7\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6848\u7684\u80dc\u8bc9\u65b9\u83b7\u5f975\u4ebf\u4ee4\u5409\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deponent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bc1\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] An individual who gives evidence in court by affirming an affidavit under oath<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba3\u8a93\u786e\u8ba4\u5ba3\u8a93\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The deponent is ordered by the Court to provide a testimony in the High Court next week.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u547d\u4ee4\u8bc1\u4eba\u5728\u4e0b\u661f\u671f\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Default judgment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5224\u51b3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] This means a judgment can be obtained in default of the appearance of a party to the trial, which is usually be applied by the Plaintiff<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5224\u51b3\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The Defendant did not file a reply to the Plaintiff\u2019s claim within 14 days, which this results in default of appearance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u88ab\u544a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u572814\u5929\u5185\u63d0\u4ea4\u56de\u590d\u4e88\u539f\u544a\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discovery<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62ab\u9732\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] It is a process in which the Plaintiff and Defendant reveal to each other any documents relating to the matters in question which are or have been in their possession<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u548c\u88ab\u544a\u76f8\u4e92\u900f\u9732\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dismissal for want of prosecution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u64a4\u9500\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] The case is dismissed by the judge when there is no further action executed by the Plaintiff<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u5982\u679c\u539f\u544a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u6cd5\u5b98\u64a4\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The Plaintiff\u2019s case is dismissed for want of prosecution as there was no submission of pleadings to the court thereafter.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bc9\u8bbc\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc9\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doctrine of election<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A common law principle stating that when judgment has been obtained against either the co-contractor in a contract, the plaintiff cannot then bring an action against the other party in order to get a second judgment using the same contract as that contract has merged in the first judgment<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u4e00\u9879\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f53\u9488\u5bf9\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5171\u540c\u627f\u5305\u5546\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5df2\u88ab\u83b7\u5f97\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u8d77\u8bc9\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5408\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Based on the doctrine of election, G is not allowed to bring an action against the agent now that she has already obtained a judgment against the principal in the same contract.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c G\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Due diligence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] Reasonable steps taken by an individual or an organisation to avoid committing a tort or an offence<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4fb5\u6743\u6216\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:  Due diligence has already been conducted by a team of in-house counsel for a new Australian bank in Canberra.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u5728\u574e\u8d1d\u62c9\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u94f6\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c3d\u804c\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Encumbrance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ea7\u6743\u8d1f\u62c5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A burden imposed on assets or properties, such as mortgages or liens<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5982\u62b5\u62bc\u6216\u7559\u7f6e\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example:  Ninety-percent of the properties owned by the company are free from all encumbrances since April this year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4eca\u5e744\u6708\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u768490%\u7269\u4e1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u6743\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exemplary Damages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60e9\u6212\u6027\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] Damages awarded in addition to the actual damages suffered. It is usually awarded when the Defendant has acted recklessness, mala fide and\/or deceit. It is aimed to deter the wrong-doer from behaving in the same or similar way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u662f\u6307\u9664\u5b9e\u9645\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5224\u7ed9\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u88ab\u544a\u9c81\u83bd\u3001\u6076\u610f\u548c\/\u6216\u6b3a\u9a97\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u60e9\u6212\u3002 \u5b83\u65e8\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u9519\u8bef\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Peter was drunk driving and as a result hit John, the court may award exemplary damages to deter Peter from drunk driving again.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f7c\u5f97\u9152\u540e\u9a7e\u8f66\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u649e\u5230\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5224\u7ed9\u60e9\u6212\u6027\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5f7c\u5f97\u518d\u6b21\u9152\u9a7e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exhibit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c55\u793a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It refers to documents or objects shown to the court as evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u6307\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u51fa\u793a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ex parte<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is an action brought before the court by one party only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u8fd9\u662f\u4ec5\u7531\u4e00\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The Plaintiff may seek for an ex parte motion when he could not serve the Notice to the Defendant to attend court hearing.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f53\u539f\u544a\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u901a\u77e5\u4e66\u9001\u8fbe\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u4ee5\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u8046\u8baf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u52a8\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Friendly loan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53cb\u597d\u8d37\u6b3e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A loan agreement made socially\/ out of good faith between family members, friends or acquaintances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u6216\u719f\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\/\u51fa\u4e8e\u5584\u610f\u800c\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Since friendly loans are made out of good faith, it is acceptable that any legal consequences that may arise out of the arrangement cannot be challenged in court.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u53cb\u597d\u8d37\u6b3e\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5584\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u8d28\u7591\u8be5\u5b89\u6392\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hearsay evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u95fb\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is evidence by a person who did not witness the commitment of crime but heard about it from someone else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u7779\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f46\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indemnity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d54\u6b3e\/\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: Security or insurance against hurt, loss, damage or harm, usually involving a form of payment promised in the event of such losses or injuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]: \u9488\u5bf9\u4f24\u5bb3\u3001\u635f\u5931\u3001\u635f\u5bb3\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u6216\u4fdd\u9669\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6b64\u7c7b\u635f\u5931\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u65f6\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: It has been stated precisely in the policy that no indemnity will be given for the loss of prohibited items brought into the arena.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e26\u5165\u573a\u5730\u7684\u8fdd\u7981\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u4e0d\u4e88\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inter alia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Latin term for \u2018among other things\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u201d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: AMONG OTHER THINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: It was decided by the court that inter alia, it was still unconscionable for the defendants to go back on their promises without a valid and appropriate reason.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdd\u80cc\u627f\u8bfa\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u60c5\u7406\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interim injunction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An equitable remedy granted in Commonwealth jurisdictions that temporarily compels or prohibits a party to do or not to do something before the final judgement is made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u4f5c\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\u4e4b\u524d\u6682\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u65b9\u505a\u6216\u4e0d\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: R had recently filed an action against his neighbours for the action of trespass to land, but the hearing is not until next year. To prevent unfairness, the court had decided to grant him an interim injunction to prohibit his neighbours from entering into his plot of land for the period of time until the court makes a final decision next year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aR \u6700\u8fd1\u4ee5\u975e\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5165\u571f\u5730\u4e3a\u7531\u5bf9\u5176\u90bb\u5c45\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4f46\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u8981\u5230\u660e\u5e74\u3002 \u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6cd5\u9662\u660e\u5e74\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interlocutory<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u95f4\uff08\u5224\u51b3\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] A judgement which is made during the progress of a legal action. It is not regarded as definitive because the action is still ongoing, and the final judgement is yet to be made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u4f5c\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: DURING THE COURSE OF ACTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u884c\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The judge questioned whether or not this was an interlocutory appeal.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u5b98\u8d28\u7591\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inter partes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53cc\u65b9\uff08\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: A Latin term for \u2018between the parties\u2019. It is usually phrased in a legal relationship involving specified individuals which is not a concern to others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u201c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u672f\u8bed\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: This contract is made inter partes among the senior members of SGZ Corporation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u672c\u5408\u540c\u662f\u7531SGZ Corporation \u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interrogatories<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d28\u8be2\u4e66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is known as \u201cpre-trial discovery of facts\u201d which cut down the time for oral evidence that needs to be adduced at trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5ead\u524d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f29\u77ed\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5ead\u5ba1\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: A list of questions will be served by one party to the other with the leave of court. The answer written by the other party will considered as an answer under oath, usually by an affidavit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7ecf\u6cd5\u5ead\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u5c06\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9001\u8fbe\u95ee\u9898\u6e05\u5355\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6240\u5199\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5ba3\u8a93\u540e\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5ba3\u8a93\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In absentia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u5e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] In absence; legal proceedings without the presence of either party are said to be conducted in absentia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \uff1a\u7f3a\u5e2d\u65f6\uff1b \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u4e0d\u5728\u573a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The respondent was not present in the trial today, it was a trial in absentia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u88ab\u544a\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u5e2d\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insolvency<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7834\u4ea7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: It is a financial state in which a person or a company is unable to repay their debts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u6cd5\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: a company may be insolvent if it is unable to repay its creditors on time.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u6cd5\u6309\u65f6\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u6743\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8d44\u4e0d\u62b5\u503a\uff08\u7834\u4ea7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Libel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bfd\u8c24<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: A false statement made and published in order to damage one\u2019s reputation<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u4e3a\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u8a89\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u865a\u5047\u9648\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Peter wrote on his Facebook that John is a liar. The written statement is considered libel.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f7c\u5f97\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9762\u5b50\u4e66\u4e0a\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u662f\u4e2a\u9a97\u5b50\u3002 \u6b64\u4e66\u9762\u58f0\u660e\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8bfd\u8c24\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limitation Period<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65f6\u6548\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: The maximum time period to which a person can claim for his right in a court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]: \u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u7d22\u8d54\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Peter promised John to pay him RM100,000 for John\u2019s Toyota Vios by June 28, 2021, Peter got the Vios, but did not pay John in full. John may sue Peter within 6 years. He should file his case before June 28, 2027 under normal circumstance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f7c\u5f97\u7b54\u5e94\u4e8e2021\u5e746\u670828\u65e5\u524d\u4ee5RM100,000\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7684\u672c\u7530Vios\u8f7f\u8f66\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u83b7\u5f97Vios\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u507f\u8fd8\u7ea6\u7ff0\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u57286\u5e74\u5185\u5bf9\u5f7c\u5f97\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u4e8e2027\u5e746\u670828\u65e5\u524d\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legal Custody<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5408\u6cd5\u76d1\u62a4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: Right to raise a child granted by the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u6cd5\u9662\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u629a\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: In an annulment of a marriage, the Court granted the mother the legal custody of the child.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6388\u4e88\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u76d1\u62a4\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mala fide<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6076\u610f\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A Latin term for \u2018intended in bad faith\u2019, or \u2018unconscionable\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u51fa\u4e8e\u6076\u610f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u5408\u60c5\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: IN BAD FAITH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u4e0d\u6000\u597d\u610f\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Most experienced representatives from multinational corporations have been trained to detect certain frauds committed with mala fide intention.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fa6\u5bdf\u67d0\u4e9b\u51fa\u4e8e\u6076\u610f\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mareva injunction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d22\u4ea7\u7981\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: Widely known as the freezing injunction, Mareva injunction is an equitable remedy granted by the English courts to freeze or hold the debtors\u2019 assets to prevent them from being transferred abroad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u8d22\u4ea7\u7981\u4ee4\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u79f0\u4e3a\u51bb\u7ed3\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u51bb\u7ed3\u6216\u6301\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: V was granted a Mareva injunction by the court after she managed to successfully prove to the judge that her debtors are trying to move their money out of the country to avoid them being seized by the authorities.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aV \u5728\u6210\u529f\u5411\u6cd5\u5b98\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u6b63\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5176\u8d44\u91d1\u79fb\u51fa\u8be5\u56fd\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u6263\u62bc\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u7981\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mens rea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u8bc6\/\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A Latin term for \u2018ill intention\u2019. In criminal trials, the prosecutors are usually required to prove that the suspect had had the intention to commit the crime, although some offences are punishable regardless of whether there was the element of intention present in the suspect\u2019s mind while he was committing the act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u672f\u8bed\u3002 \u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u6709\u5b9e\u65bd\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u5728\u72af\u7f6a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u56fe\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: GUILTY MIND<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u7f6a\u6076\u611f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Criminal lawyers may argue that the group of drunken youths who committed the bank robbery had not had the mens rea because they were heavily intoxicated.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5211\u4e8b\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u72af\u4e0b\u62a2\u52ab\u94f6\u884c\u7f6a\u7684\u9189\u9152\u9752\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u559d\u9189\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moratorium<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ef6\u671f\u5c65\u884c\u6743\/\u5ef6\u8fdf\u507f\u8fd8\u6743<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A legal authorization for the postponement of a debt payment or fulfilment of an obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u63a8\u8fdf\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u6216\u5c65\u884c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The court authorizes the debtor a moratorium to repay his debts at a later time.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u6388\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u5ef6\u671f\u507f\u8fd8\u5176\u503a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mediation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8c03\u8282<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is a procedure in which the parties discuss their disputes with a trained impartial third person(s), known as the mediator, who assists them in reaching a settlement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b] \uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u65b9\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u8c03\u89e3\u5458\uff09\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notice of motion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52a8\u8bae\u901a\u77e5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: Also known as an interim application, a notice of motion is a formal notification issued by the individual to the other relevant parties notifying them that a motion has been filed before a court and (usually) enclosed with it a date and time for the hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6b64\u52a8\u8bae\u901a\u77e5\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u4e49\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u4eba\u5df2\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u52a8\u8bae\u5e76\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff09\u9644\u6709\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The plaintiff has prepared a notice of motion to be served upon all the other litigants informing them about the upcoming time and date of the court hearing.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u52a8\u8bae\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u9001\u8fbe\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Order<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\uff08\u5ead\u4ee4\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: It refers to a formal and official direction given by the judge or court to do or not to do certain things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u5b83\u662f\u6307\u7531\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u6cd5\u9662\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u505a\u6216\u4e0d\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: An order by court was made to wind up the company.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u76d8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per incuriam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8c28\u614e\u601d\u8003\u4e0b\uff1b\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: It refers to a judgment which was decided through \u201clack of care\u201d, which did not make references to precedents and sound reasoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8c28\u614e\u201d\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u8003\u5148\u4f8b\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u4e0e\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prima facie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u521d\u6b65\u5370\u8c61\uff1b\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: A Latin term for \u2018true at first impression\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OTHER: AT FIRST SIGHT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u8868\u9762\u521d\u6b65\u5370\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The present case is believed to have a prima facie evidence regarding the debtor\u2019s inability to repay his debts, thus there is no further need for the plaintiff to prove so.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u672c\u6848\u8ba4\u5b9a\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Punitive sanction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u5236\u88c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW]: A punishment or penalties assigned to an individual or a company for violating the law. Usually in the form of monetary fine, a punitive sanction could also in the form of business suspension or a court order compelling or prohibiting the party to do or not to do something.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a \u5bf9\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u6216\u5904\u7f5a\u3002 \u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u7f5a\u6b3e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u5236\u88c1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u505c\u4e1a\u6216\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5236\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u505a\u6216\u4e0d\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The government of the Netherlands imposes punitive sanctions that are of the purpose of punishing the wrongdoers and deterring potential individuals from breaking the law in the form of community works, fines, damages and driving disqualification.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3001\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u548c\u9a7e\u9a76\u53d6\u6d88\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u60e9\u7f5a\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8005\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u6f5c\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u89e6\u72af\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Relief<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6551\u6d4e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law] Also known as judicial remedy, a relief is a legal redress granted by the court to the individual or party as a means of compensating them for their losses or injuries.\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u4e5f\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u53f8\u6cd5\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u6551\u6d4e\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5ead\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5f53\u4e8b\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8865\u6551\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u507f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The victims of the car accident sought for relief against the defendants who were negligent for both pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses incurred as a result.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8f66\u7978\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u56e0\u758f\u5ffd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u4e8e\u975e\u91d1\u94b1\u635f\u5931\u800c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6551\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rescission<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u64a4\u9500\u5408\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An equitable remedy that restores the contracting parties back to their original positions as if the contract has never been formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5230\u53cc\u65b9\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5408\u7ea6\u4ece\u672a\u6210\u7acb\u90a3\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The judge granted the plaintiff the remedy of rescission due to the defendants\u2019 failure to fulfill their legal obligations to perform the contract.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u672a\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5141\u8bb8\u539f\u544a\u64a4\u9500\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Res Judicata<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5df2\u5224\u51b3\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4e4b\u6848\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] An issue that has been decided by a court of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u6cd5\u9662\u5df2\u88c1\u51b3\u4e86\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The High Court of Malaya has decided not to award damages to a Plaintiff. The Plaintiff cannot file the same claim based on the same facts in the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u9ad8\u5ead\u5224\u51b3\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u539f\u544a\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u539f\u544a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5728\u6c99\u5df4\u548c\u7802\u62c9\u8d8a\u9ad8\u5ead\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sealed order<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5df2\u5c01\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An order by the court which is affixed with the court seal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u52a0\u76d6\u6cd5\u9662\u5370\u7ae0\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: After obtaining an order from the Honourable Court, Party A sends a sealed order to Party B to claim for costs of RM10,000.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u65b9\u4e0a\u5411\u4e59\u65b9\u5bc4\u53d1\u51fa\u5df2\u5c01\u5b58\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e59\u65b9\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Specific performance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u5c65\u884c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An equitable remedy granted by the court to compel a party to perform an act or obligation, granted usually where damages is an insufficient or inappropriate remedy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4e0d\u4e45\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5c65\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6216\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u7ed9\u4e0e\u7684\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The plaintiff company sought for the equitable remedy of specific performance to compel two of its suppliers to deliver the goods in time, as the terms have previously been signed by both parties.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u539f\u544a\u516c\u53f8\u5bfb\u6c42\u5f3a\u5236\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5176\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u4f9d\u7167\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d27\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Search warrant<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u641c\u67e5\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is a police warrant issued by the Magistrates to allow the police officer to enter into one\u2019s premises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b98\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u5ead\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u5ead\u4ee4\u5141\u8bb8\u8b66\u5bdf\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Squatter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u64c5\u81ea\u5360\u5730\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It refers to a person who occupies someone\u2019s land illegally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u6307\u975e\u6cd5\u5360\u6709\u4ed6\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: X has been staying on Y\u2019s land without his permission.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b: X\u5728\u672a\u7ecfY\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0b\u5360\u7528Y\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statement of Claim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d22\u8d54\u4e66<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a written statement setting out the claim of the party in a civil case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5728\u6c11\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7d22\u8d54\u65b9\u6240\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stay of execution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c55\u7f13\u6267\u884c\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It refers to the suspension of carrying out a Court order or judgment. For example, it can be granted when the matter is pending for appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u6682\u505c\u6267\u884c\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6848\u4ef6\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u8bc9\u65f6\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary Judgment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b80\u6613\u5224\u51b3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] Such judgment is granted when it is a clear-cut issue which the court is able to determine without commencing a full trial but merely examining the documents provided by the parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5f53\u6848\u4ef6\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u65e0\u9700\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u5404\u65b9\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Service<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bc4\u9001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Formal delivery of a document such as a writ<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u6b63\u5f0f\u5bc4\u9001\u5982\u4ee4\u72b6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: After filing a Writ of Summon, a Plaintiff is required to serve the document to the Defendant<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5728\u5448\u4ea4\u4ee4\u72b6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4ee4\u72b6\u9001\u8fbe\u81f3\u88ab\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Submission of no case to answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u6848\u53ef\u7b54<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] In criminal proceedings, it is an application made by the Accused when the Prosecutor\u2019s case does not support a finding of guilt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5728\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u5b98\u6848\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7531\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summons<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u7968<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It refers to a court order to request someone\u2019s appearance. It is usually used to request the defendant to attend the case. It can be used to request a witness to be present in a court case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u8981\u6c42\u67d0\u4eba\u51fa\u5ead\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u544a\u4eba\u51fa\u5e2d\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u8bc1\u4eba\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Those who had been served a summon must show up in a court case.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u4f20\u5524\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slander<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e3\u5934\u8bfd\u8c24<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] Making a false statement by speaking to damage a person\u2019s reputation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u505a\u51fa\u865a\u5047\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u4ee5\u635f\u5bb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Peter said in a TV show that John is a liar. The spoken statement is considered slander.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f7c\u5f97\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u8282\u76ee\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7ea6\u7ff0\u662f\u4e2a\u9a97\u5b50\u3002\u8be5\u53e3\u5934\u9648\u8ff0\u53ef\u88ab\u793a\u5a01\u8bfd\u8c24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Separate Legal Entity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u72ec\u7acb\u6cd5\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] Upon incorporation, a company will have a separate legal personality from that of its shareholders. The company will be able to own assets and be personally liable for debts and obligations. It is like an artificial person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5176\u80a1\u4e1c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9020\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subpoena<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f20\u5524\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It is a court order to compel a person to attend a court hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5f3a\u5236\u67d0\u4eba\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u8046\u8baf\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: I have been served a subpoena by the High Court of Malaya to attend a court hearing.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6211\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u9ad8\u5ead\u7684\u4f20\u5524\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u8046\u8baf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trite law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5df2\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: that is so common that everyone (or the majority of the population) should know about.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u6216\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: It is trite law in tort that when damage is suffered, a party has a cause of action against the other party.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u906d\u53d7\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4fb5\u6743\u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u7406\u7531\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trust<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4fe1\u6258<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] A trust is a legal relationship between a settlor, trustee and beneficiary. The trustee will hold the settlor\u2019s assets for the benefit of a beneficiary, or for other purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u4fe1\u6258\u662f\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\uff0c\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u548c\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u5c06\u4e3a\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u6301\u6709\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trustee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53d7\u6258\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] A trustee is any entity that holds and administrates assets for the benefit of a beneficiary or for a specific purpose. A trustee has a duty to make decisions for the best interest of the beneficiary or for advancing the purposes he\/she is entrusted with. A trustee often owes fiduciary duty to the beneficiary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u6301\u6709\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u6216\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u88ab\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u5bcc\u6709\u4fe1\u6258\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultra vires<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d8a\u6743<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] It means one has acted beyond his legal authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u8fd9\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d85\u8d8a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Example] A police officer entered into a premise without a search warrant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8b66\u5bdf\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u641c\u67e5\u4ee4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u6240<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vacant Possession<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a7a\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Legally it means that the property is capable of being occupied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u7269\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u53ef\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Example]<\/em> If the SPA clearly states the property shall be delivered of a vacant possession, the vendor of the property shall make sure the property is capable of being occupied by the purchaser.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e70\u5356\u534f\u8bae\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u8be5\u7269\u4e1a\u5e94\u4ee5\u7a7a\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u7269\u4e1a\u7684\u5356\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e70\u623f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u5360\u6709\u8be5\u7269\u4e1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Winding-up<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u76d8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: To close down or cease operation of a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u8425<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The public-listed company was wound-up last month for failure to repay its debts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8fd9\u5bb6\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u800c\u6e05\u76d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Without prejudice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u504f\u89c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: Usually included in letters, statements of offer and written documents, the word \u2018without prejudice\u2019 is included to acknowledge that the information is inadmissible to be used against the author in any future litigations or proceedings because of its confidentiality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3001\u9080\u7ea6\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u8005\u4e66\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u201cwithout prejudice\u201c\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u627f\u8ba4\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u56e0\u5176\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6216\u73b0\u6709\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The solicitors advised their client that the potential defendant\u2019s letter could not be used against him in court because it was issued without prejudice.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5f8b\u5e08\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5fc3\u5bd2\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u7528\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed8\u8be5\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u5728without prejudice \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writ  <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee4\u72b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An official document issued by the court to notify the individual that he or she will be involved in a legal proceeding, enclosed with it the explanation of what he or she is expected to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u7531\u6cd5\u9662\u7b7e\u53d1\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u4e0a\u4e00\u5219\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The court has issued writs to all the relevant parties that will be involved in the legal proceeding.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee5\u5411\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u53d1\u51fa\u4ee4\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Writ of seizure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6263\u62bc\u4ee4\u72b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[Law]: An official document issued by the court to confiscate or seize a debtor\u2019s property or assets after a number of failed attempts to compel the debtor to make repayments of its debts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u5931\u8d25\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6240\u6b20\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6ca1\u6536\u6216\u6263\u62bc\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: The company had only started to make repayments of its debts after having found out through a legal representative that the court may issue a writ of seizure against him at any moment after obtaining an order from the Honourable Court, and that all his assets will be seized altogether.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5f97\u77e5\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u5728\u9ad8\u5ead\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0b\u968f\u65f6\u7b7e\u53d1\u6263\u62bc\u4ee4\u6263\u62bc\u5176\u6240\u6709 \u8d44\u4ea7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Warrant of Arrest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u902e\u6355\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n[LAW] A warrant of Arrest is a warrant issued by a judge or a magistrate to authorise the relevant authority to arrest an individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3010\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9a\u4e49\u3011\u902e\u6355\u4ee4\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u5b98\u6216\u63a8\u4e8b\u6240\u7b7e\u53d1\u6388\u6743\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u5c40\u902e\u6355\u7684\u4ee4\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example: Police received a report that Peter had hit William as William laughed at Peter, the Magistrate granted Inspector John a Warrant of Arrest to arrest Peter.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8b66\u65b9\u63a5\u5230\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u5728\u5a01\u5ec9\u5632\u7b11\u4ed6\u540e\u6253\u4e86\u5a01\u5ec9\uff0c\u63a8\u4e8b\u6388\u4e88\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7763\u5bdf\u902e\u6355\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u902e\u6355\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Legal Jargons Words And Phrases A Brief Definition \u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49 GLOSSARY \u8bcd\u6c47\u8868 Adjudge \u88c1\u51b3 [Law]: To judicially award (someone) something, usually legal remedies; To decide or rule by a judge. [\u6cd5\u5f8b]\uff1a\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u51b3\uff08\u67d0\u4eba\uff09\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\uff1b \u7531\u6cd5\u5b98\u51b3\u5b9a\u6216\u88c1\u51b3\u3002 Example: The High Court adjudged the remedy of rescission to the appellant. \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u51b3\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u7684\u6551\u52a9\u63aa\u65bd\u3002 Example: B was adjudged to be guilty of the crime. \u793a\u4f8b\uff1aB\u88ab\u88c1\u51b3\u6709\u7f6a\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1804,"featured_media":11519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[69],"tags":[106],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9750"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1804"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9750"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10777,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9750\/revisions\/10777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alexchanglaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}